Friday, 30 October 2009

Derrida, Lacan and ZG Mohammad: An Intellectual found!

Contrary to the traditional “keep it simple” rule, a good number of modern writers are accused of hinging their writings on obscurity and ambiguity making great demands on a reader to understand them. I remember my first encounter, with two great French intellectuals of the twentieth century, Jacques Derrida, and Jacques Lacan, when I was pursuing my Masters in English Literature. I would wake up weeping at 3am with nightmares about trying to understand them. Both have a writing style that is obscure, to say the least, apparently bordering on gibberish, at worst. As the angry critics have already announced, when you pick up Derrida and Lacan for the first time you will find a text which is dense, convoluted, elliptical and seemingly impenetrable, even by the most demanding standards of the current critical academy. Their impassable writing style is partly ascribed to their content: Derrida attempted a deconstruction of the whole of Western philosophy, and Lacan dealt with the human Unconscious. When the subject is grand, the style itself becomes dense and intense. My trouble with reading the great French men did not last long. I am now, more or less, comfortable with their peculiar writing style- a consummation that I devoutly wished for in my Masters. But Lacan and Derrida are not alone in creating this wilful obscurity, there are others also, in fact more impenetrable and incomprehensible than them. I am proud that my land, Kashmir, has produced one such genius of a writer, ZG Mohammad: a famous Greater Kashmir columnist whose iconoclastic writing style should go down in the history of English writing as the greatest manifestation of profound obscurity and sincere incongruity.

A legitimate measure of the influence of a thinker or writer on a discipline is the extent to which s/he transforms its customs, protocols and practices in a manner that makes it difficult to conceive how things were done before s/he appeared on the scene. Such transformations and changes are usually incorporated into the discipline and presupposed by those who come later. This explains why we often have a thankless relationship with the most influential thinkers. By definition then, great intellectuals are often those who change the way we do things in a peculiarly thankless way. But we should not maintain a thankless relation with our intellectual thinker, ZG Mohammad. He may not know it, as greatness is never apparent to itself, but we know that he has made a remarkable contribution to the writing style of English by introduction of a new form of writing. This is amply demonstrated by his recent Punchline in the daily Greater Kashmir, August 10, 2009.

I read the essay (should I call it an essay?) over a hundred times as every new reading provided a new dimension of “joy” that was soon to become hysterical . Unable to decipher the style, I asked my friends to read it, teachers were also invoked for help and inspiration, but, ultimately, only to add more confusion and obscurity. Then, finally, his own writing provided a key to the mystery.

      Whether one agrees or disagrees with his political outlook the writings and noting of Ambassador Yusuf Buch are a part of Kashmir’s political literature that have could be seen as good as Edward Said’s works on Palestine. His works on Kashmir need to be compiled, researched and preserved. (GK, 10 August,2009)

Whether one cares about the writings and “noting” of Buch, one must take sufficient care to preserve the writing of ZG Mohammad. In his vain search for the Edward Said of Kashmir, he has made a remarkably great contribution to the writing style that can only be pronounced as “miraculous.” His style is continuous like the flow of the river Lidder. Inversely inspired by Raja Rao, Mohammad`s style is interminable. He has neither punctuation nor the treacherous prepositions to bother him. Episode follows episode, and when his thoughts stop, his sentence stops. His Paragraphs try to explore an idea, or tell a tale, but fail as the most heterogeneous events are yoked together by violence, ultimately, availing nothing, affecting nothing.

His peculiar style of writing incorporates explanations which are irrelevant. Titles of books and articles are not italicised, underlined or kept in inverted commas. He has mastered the art of writing multi-clause sentences without any provisions for a pause. Comma is rarely used- economic recession has affected its usage also, or does it carry the dreadful H1N1 virus? I have no answers. Mohammad enjoys the liberty of conferring greatness on Ghada Karmi, a Palestinian doctor of medicine, author and academic, without reading any of her writings. “Face of Kashmir” to him is “Kashmiri Face”, “Kashmiri Diasporas”, like many other terms is a novel coinage by him. He honours no difference between “on” and “in”: he seems to interchange them on impulse. He makes pronouns dance to the beats of this writings; they live off the false hopes of their nouns’ arrival. A quotation mark opens and remains open for its entire life. In his democratic writing style, clauses are not separated. It does not honour main and subordinate clauses.

The writer`s search for an intellectual voice for the problem of Kashmir may not be a viable one, but we have got our intellectual: the Kashmiri equivalent to Lacanian style of writing. Except that in the case of Lacan or Derrida, their translators have made sure to have got the grammar right. I am not being perverse. But the only density I could spot in his writing was that of grammatical bankruptcy. What’s more? I wonder what was the editorial team doing? Derrida and Lacan were actually trying to explore pertinent and profound issues which they did offer clues about. When one reads them in depth, one does identify the layers within which their content posits itself. Not the case with Mr Mohamed. I wonder why.

Saturday, 20 June 2009

INTONATION IN ENGLISH

I am glad to upload my lecture on Intonation, considered by most of the language teachers as something hard to teach and learn. While I don`t completely disagree with it , I equally feel that most of the language teachers ( at least in the countries where English has the status of Second or Foreign Language) make it very puzzling for the students by making a simple generalization that Intonation cannot be learnt.
What I have tried to do here is to confront these approaches head-on by making a case that intonation, like another element of ELT can be taught quite easily.
The present lecture is part of a two hour lecture on Intonation delivered to the students of the Advanced level proficiency course in English, a part time course offered by The English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad.
My lecture focuses on the difference between what we say and how we say. Making this a starting point brings out the importance of Intonation to the semantic value of a sentence,
apart from content words.
Although the quality of the video is not that good, I hope it is of help to all ESL/EFL learners. I have included the slides also, those I used in the class room. Together, I hope, it should guide you to a good understanding of the topic.
I thank EFL-University, Hyderabad for making this possible.
You can also download a better quality video by following the links bellow:
Comments are welcome.
Thank you.
Bilal A. Shah

Friday, 19 June 2009

No racism in Australia

By Afroz Shah The recent attacks on Indian students in two major cities of Australia (Melbourne and Sydney) have surprised everyone. This is because Australia is considered to be the safest place to live in, and more so a favorite educational destination for international students. The blame that India made against Australia by considering it a racist country is a serious concern and should be addressed properly. The attacks on a couple of students from Indian origin were taken as an assault against the whole of the Indian nation. Is it really true; let us try to logically follow the whole process. The answers lie in facts, which are clear to all of us. About 12 Indian people have so far been targeted. If we look into the depth of each such ease, it becomes clear that in the majority of these attacks, there was no element of any racism. Most of these incidents occurred in the night time, when one cannot even distinguish about someone’s origin. Also there are people from other countries like Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka which look similar in their facial and physical appearances. One wonders how one can even understand in the darkness of nights about someone’s original place of birth. Another important thing to understand is the biased approach of the Indian media against Australia. During the same night when one Indian student was stabbed, an Australian was killed by some criminals. There was no mention of this incident in the bulk of the Indian Media. Also according to recent reports, there are about 20 Australian who have lost their lives in India but Australia never portrayed India as a racist country.The protest organized by Indian students against the whole of Australia needs an immediate and but a critical condemnation. It never was a racist attempt but just a crime. According to the data published in the Australian institute of criminology in 2008, there were 176,427 recorded assaults in Australia in year 2007, constituting 840 victims per 100,000 of the population. “The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) defines assault as the direct infliction of force, injury or violence upon a person, including attempts or threats. It excludes sexual assault”. There were 19781 cases of sexual assaults, 17988 robberies and 730 kidnapping in the same year. This data clearly suggests that crime rates are increasing in this country.Drawing on the previous crime statistics, it seems reasonable to argue that these recent unfortunate attacks on 11 Indian students were not racist assaults. Such criminal incidents are common in Australia and were not particularly aimed at certain communities. In fact crime rates in many countries are exponentially rising with United States on the top of the list. More than 10 Indian students were killed during this year in that country but unfortunately bulk of the Indian media as well as the government was virtually silent during that time. There was no mass-scale demonstration in any part of India or in the United States by the Indian people. Neither was there any apparent diplomatic pressure from India over the US about the safety and security concerns of their students in that country.One really wonders why bulk of the Indian media as well as the government has labeled the recent criminal activities against some of the very unfortunate Indian students as racist. The truth remains that there is no vivid evidence to prove it. The reality is that Indian authorities should sincerely apologize for any racist comment against the Australia people. It has seriously irritated the whole of the Australian nation and it puts a question mark on their secular and democratic nation, which is seriously disappointing.The argument that there are about 90,000 Indian students studying in Australia and adding to their economy is a fact but one must not forget to mention that there are millions of Indian people living in Australia (mainly permanent residents and dual citizens). These people are working in Australia but investing their money mainly for the economic development of the India. Also there are thousands of Indian students who are either sponsored directly by the Australian government or indirectly by different companies here. One wonders how utterly biased are such claims made by the bulk of the Indian media.Indian students who protested against the criminal incidents are welcome both in India as well as in Australia but those who demonstrated against the racist Australia need to sincerely apologize publicly. It is a crime in itself to deteriorate a secular and democratic image of a country, which is considered to be the world’s famous destination for students and tourists. It is very essential for Indian diplomacy to understand the depth of the situation without being completely misled by the Indian media.Both Indian and Australian authorities should make a comprehensive policy to understand the potential threats from the criminal elements and their impact on the diplomatic ties of the two nations. Both countries should safeguard their territories and international students and tourists. Acting hastily without the proper understanding of the situation will only deteriorate the active relationship with each other, which is alarming. It is essential for the Indian authorities to safeguard her students not only in Australian but also in other parts of the world and particularly in United States, where high crime rates have directly taken a big toll on her students.

Wednesday, 25 February 2009

New Wo (Man)!!!???

By Mohsina Farooq. "We don't need Afghan-style burquas to disappear as women. We disappear in reverse—by revamping and revealing our bodies to meet externally imposed visions of female beauty." Robin Gerber. Slum Dog Millionaire is a good movie, but few Feminists are not happy with it. The antagonism of their argument centers on the central question, Can Slum women be a Millionaire? Well I can`t answer this question but can predict what she will do with the money if she becomes!! She will perfect her image to come closer to the image of an "ideal women": not in Platonic sense, much less in the Religious but, much like Alexander Pope`s Blenda she would put all her arms and would always be desperate to be an Ideal Silver Screen women. Modern women are overwhelmingly fascinated by the ideal of Silver screen beauty and body image. The Ideal Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women—and their body parts—sell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known to faint on the set from lack of food. Women's magazines are full of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, they'll have it all—the perfect marriage, loving children, and a rewarding career. In this age of female emancipation and liberation why are standards of beauty being imposed on women and who imposes them? The roots, some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain the cosmetic and diet product industries are assured of growth and profits. And it's no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to 100 billion dollors a year selling temporary weight loss (90 to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight). On the other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls. A recent research has shown that one out of every four college-aged women in India uses unhealthy methods of weight control—including fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative abuse, and self-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affecting young girls: research indicates that nearly half of all preadolescent girls wish to be thinner, and as a result have engaged in a diet or are aware of the concept of dieting. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 per cent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70 per cent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight. Overall research indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some way. Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, "Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight." Perhaps most disturbing is the fact that media images of female beauty are unattainable for all but a very small number of women. Researchers generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built that way would suffer from chronic diarrhea and eventually die from malnutrition. Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek a similarly underweight body is epidemic, and they can suffer equally devastating health consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to 450, 00 Indian women were affected by an eating disorder. Researchers report that women's magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and articles promoting weight loss than men's magazines do, and over three-quarters of the covers of women's magazines include at least one message about how to change a woman's bodily appearance—by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery. Television and movies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a woman's worth. The barrage of messages about thinness, dieting and beauty tells "ordinary" women that they are always in need of adjustment—and that the female body is an object to be perfected. let`s leave it to the feminists to decide if women is really liberating, becoming more and more her own or is she still dominated by the male. Where is the real women? Jean Kilbourne argues that the overwhelming presence of media images of painfully thin women means that real women's bodies have become invisible in the mass media. The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many women internalize these stereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industry's standards. Women learn to compare themselves to other women, and to compete with them for male attention. This focus on beauty and desirability "effectively destroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate."

Saturday, 14 February 2009

Expressing Emotions

Sophia Syed on Valentine Day. Important in a relationship are the day-to-day unromantic realities and practicalities of life What does this day stand for? The historical versions of its origin and growth offer no solace to those interested in “true and genuine” accounts. From the early Greek account of St. Valentine being beheaded for secretly performing the marriage of young couples against the wish of the King to the 14th century exchange of gifts between lovers, to Hallmark`s changing it into a commercial market by the introduction of special valentine cards and gifts, the day has traversed a long, found its embracers and its enemies too throughout the world. In many countries it is celebrated as an iconic occasion celebrating true love and affection. Lovers exchange gifts, cards, celebrate their relations and commit themselves, albeit briefly to each other. It has its enemies too: the Muslims regard it as unIslamic, some Hindu treat it as intrusion of western culture. Whatever its history, the fact remains that its supports are growing in numbers with each passing year and this signals a break, a rupture in the ideological setup of our new generation who are part to the commercialization of such pristine feelings as love and true relations.How does Valentine`s Day help a relation grow strong? It’s a day, as most of us assume, where one is supposed to express love. Apparently, it’s a day where you decide to ‘care’ for your loved one more than any other day in the year. But don’t you think that, like much else we have materialized and commercialized this entire event? Florists, restaurateurs and jewelry makers have throbbing hearts waiting a year for this huge business opportunity. Romantic gifts at huge prices are popping up in big cities - commercialism is in the air, overshadowing the love; it's really pathetic. If you have to buy things to demonstrate your love, then that love does not run very deep. We have grown with the belief that love has a natural flow that cannot speed up by bringing in material goods. So, who do I call to complain that taking on the nonsense of Valentine's Day runs counter to deep culture and traditions that we have imbibed? Making a grand gesture just once a while doesn`t in any way prove your love and commitment in a relation. When it comes to truth, commitment and sincere love it is the mundane, prosaic every day conversation through out the year, and rolling on through life that really matter the most in a relationship. Boxed love and merchandise does not make a difference and does not add value to your sincerity. It hardly matters whether you celebrate valentine`s day or not, participation in such festivals is not a predicator of relationship longevity or satisfaction. What is really important is to find out on a daily basis what your partner is doing for the day or communicating about what people consider everyday topics than buying a special chocolate, a cake or a piece of diamond. For most people “Love is a very fluid thing,” says Les Parrot. “It changes, there’s an ebb and flow to it, and over time, it will be something different than it used to be. It takes work and commitment to carry you through when the passion isn’t there.” And the passion will not always be there to keep relations going, the lasting relations are those who work through years and don`t give up, these are the relations that come out on the other side more fulfilled and happier. The value of a truly good relationship is priceless, and when it comes to you, embrace it, cherish it, savor it and try to maintain it by all possible means through all possible situations. It doesn`t matter whether or not you exchange costly gifts, have a moon-lit dinner in a five star restaurant. What matter in the end in a relationship are the day-to-day unromantic realities and practicalities of life, often filled with what Wordsworth calls “the fever and fret of life”, and our consistent effort through all odds to be genuinely committed never forgetting, even when contradictions and differences arise “On how to cross a desert patch”, to say genuinely and sincerely to our dearest ones: TAKE CARE.